The AVR lock bits can only be cleared by a full chip erase if the erase command is issued via with the /RESET pin held at +12V (High Voltage). This resets all fuses, including lock bits, to factory default.
Reflashing a VCDS interface based on the (typically a HEX-CAN or "fake" HEX-V2 clone) is necessary if the device has been "bricked" by an official software update or if the license has been revoked . Prerequisites vcds atmega162 reflash 2021