: His work is often grouped with other "revisionist" scholars who question the traditional narrative of Islam's origins, though it remains a fringe perspective compared to mainstream Islamic studies. Access and Resources
💡 : Lüling argues that approximately one-third of the Quran consists of pre-Islamic Christian hymns. He contends these texts were originally written in vernacular Arabic and later reinterpreted by early Islamic authorities to fit a new theological narrative. 📖 Core Arguments and Findings a challenge to islam for reformation pdf
Lüling believes the original "Christian" layer belonged to a non-Trinitarian sect that viewed Jesus as a human prophet. : His work is often grouped with other